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Since 2004, the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (Mission) has conducted comprehensive trial monitoring of war crimes cases in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Complementing this trial monitoring, in 2014, the Mission’s War Crimes Monitoring Project (WCMP), funded by the European Union (EU), began collecting and analyzing data regarding the pre-indictment backlog of all reported potential war crimes.

It is important to know what is a hate crime. When a hate crime is committed, one or more perpetrators target the victim, which can be one or more people or property, because of a protected aspect of the victim's identity, such as religion or ethnicity, race, sexual orientation or disability. Similarly, a hate incident is an act of hostility motivated by prejudice or bias that does not necessarily reach the threshold of a criminal offence, or the criminal nature of which is yet to be determined. A hate crime is any crime where the perpetrator is driven by prejudice or bias. Criminal offence + bias motive = hate crime.

It is important to know what is a hate crime. When a hate crime is committed, one or more perpetrators target the victim, which can be one or more people or property, because of a protected aspect of the victim's identity, such as religion or ethnicity, race, sexual orientation or disability. Similarly, a hate incident is an act of hostility motivated by prejudice or bias that does not necessarily reach the threshold of a criminal offence, or the criminal nature of which is yet to be determined. A hate crime is any crime where the perpetrator is driven by prejudice or bias. Criminal offence + bias motive = hate crime.

This report provides an overview of the conclusions and recommendations of the Nineth Expert Forum on Criminal Justice for Central Asia, organized by ODIHR in Astana on 20-21 November 2024 with the support of the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime in Central Asia (UNDOC), United Nations Development Programme Regional Hub for Europe and Central Asia (UNDP), United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Regional Office for Central Asia, The Legal Policy Research Center (LPRC), Kadyr-kassiyet (Dignity), OSCE Programme Office in Astana and other OSCE Field Offices in Central Asia. The Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Kazakhstan has funded projects implemented by the UNODC and the LPRC.

In this opinion, ODIHR makes recommendations to further enhance the Draft Law on Amending the Electoral Code.

It is important to know what is a hate crime. When a hate crime is committed, one or more perpetrators target the victim, which can be one or more people or property, because of a protected aspect of the victim's identity, such as religion or ethnicity, race, sexual orientation or disability. Similarly, a hate incident is an act of hostility motivated by prejudice or bias that does not necessarily reach the threshold of a criminal offence, or the criminal nature of which is yet to be determined. A hate crime is any crime where the perpetrator is driven by prejudice or bias. Criminal offence + bias motive = hate crime.